State Citizenship Implementation

How Implemented

The Privileges and Immunities Clause is self-executory, that is to say, its enforcement is dependent upon the judicial process. It does not authorize penal legislation by Congress. Federal statutes prohibiting conspiracies to deprive any person of rights or privileges secured by state laws,169 or punishing infractions by individuals of the right of citizens to reside peacefully in the several states and to have free ingress into and egress from such states,170 have been held void.

State Citizenship Implementation and the U.S. Constitution

Resources

See Also

References

This text about State Citizenship Implementation is based on “The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation”, published by the U.S. Government Printing Office.

Notes

[Footnote 1] United States v. Harris, 106 U.S. 629, 643 (1883). See also Baldwin v. Franks, 120 U.S. 678 (1887).

[Footnote 2] United States v. Wheeler, 254 U.S. 281 (1920).