Tag: Executive Agreements
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Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Reciprocal Trade AgreementsThe most copious source of executive agreements has been legislation which provided authority for entering into reciprocal trade agreements with other nations. 1 Such agreements in the form of treaties providing for the rec…
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Lend-Lease Act
The Lend-Lease ActThe most extensive delegation of authority ever made by Congress to the President to enter into executive agreements occurred within the field of the cognate powers of the two departments, the field of foreign relations, and took place at a time when war appeared to be in the offin…
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Litvinov Agreement
The Litvinov AgreementThe executive agreement attained its modern development as an instrument of foreign policy under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, at times threatening to replace the treaty-making power, not formally but in effect, as a determinative element in the field of foreign policy. The …
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Post-War Years
Executive Agreements in the Post-War YearsPost-war diplomacy of the United States was greatly influenced by the executive agreements entered into at Cairo, Teheran, Yalta, and Potsdam.1 For a period, the formal treaty-the signing of the United Nation…
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Executive Agreements
The Domestic Obligation of Executive AgreementsWhen the President enters into an executive agreement, what sort of obligation does it impose on the United States? That it may impose international obligations of potentially serious consequences is obvious and that such obligations may linger for long…
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Executive International Agreements
Executive Agreements by Authorization of CongressCongress early authorized officers of the executive branch to enter into negotiations and to conclude agreements with foreign governments, authorizing the borrowing of money from foreign countries 1 an…
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Forces Agreements
Status of Forces AgreementsStatus of Forces Agreements, negotiated pursuant to authorizations contained in treaties between the United States and foreign nations in the territory of which American troops and their dependents are stationed, afford the United States a qualified privilege, which may be…
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Hull-Lothian Agreement
The Hull-Lothian AgreementWith the fall of France in June, 1940, President Roosevelt entered into two executive agreements the total effect of which was to transform the role of the United States from one of strict neutrality toward the European war to one of semibelligerency. The first agreement wa…
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International Organizations
International OrganizationsOverlapping of the treatymaking power through congressional-executive cooperation in international agreements is also demonstrated by the use of resolutions approving the United States joining of international organizations 1</a…
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Constitutionality of Trade Agreements
The Constitutionality of Trade AgreementsIn Field v. Clark,1 legislation conferring authority on the President to conclude trade agreements was sustained against the objection that it attempted an unconstitutional delegation "of both legislative…
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Agreements Under the United Nations Charter
Agreements Under the United Nations CharterArticle 43 of the United Nations Charter provides: "1. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accordance …
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Arbitration Agreements
Arbitration AgreementsIn 1904 and 1905, Secretary of State John Hay negotiated a series of treaties providing for the general arbitration of international disputes. Article II of the treaty with Great Britain, for example, provided as follows: "In each individual case the High Contracting Parti…